Question 1

What Is an IEP and Why Might My Child Need One?

Accepted Answer

An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a personalized learning plan for students who qualify under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It’s designed to provide specific supports so your child can access grade-level content, participate actively in school life, and make progress in areas where they need help.

For students with mild to moderate disabilities, such as learning disabilities, ADHD, autism, anxiety, or speech and language impairments, an IEP might include tools like:
- Help with organization and time management
- Accommodated assignments or extended time on tests
- Social-emotional support or counseling
- Targeted reading or math intervention
- Executive functioning coaching

The purpose of the IEP isn’t to give your child an unfair advantage; it’s to level the playing field so they can succeed on their own terms.

What Makes the Middle and High School Years Different?  
As your child enters adolescence, the expectations increase. Students are expected to switch classes, manage homework across multiple subjects, and advocate for themselves with different teachers. Social dynamics become more complex, and the path toward adulthood begins to take shape.

This stage is also a crucial time to build self-awareness and independence. A well-designed IEP can help with that by including goals that support:
- Study skills and self-advocacy
- Emotional regulation and peer relationships
- Planning for life after high school, whether that’s college, vocational training, or employment

IEPs for older students should not just focus on academics; they should also support social growth, mental health, and future planning.

What Happens at an IEP Meeting?  
As a parent, you are an important member of the IEP team. You bring knowledge about your child’s history, personality, and challenges that no test can capture.

At the IEP meeting, the team will:
- Review current performance, including grades, test scores, teacher input, and your feedback
- Set goals that are specific and measurable for your child to work toward
- Determine services and supports, like resource support, speech therapy, or counseling
- Outline accommodations
- Plan for transition; for students 16 and older, the IEP includes a transition plan that focuses on life after high school

If your child is able, they should be invited to attend the meeting and learn how to speak up for their needs. The sooner they practice this, the stronger their self-advocacy skills become.

Common Supports for Mild/Moderate Disabilities  
Every IEP is unique, but here are some supports we often see for teens:
- Targeted support for reading, writing, or math
- Preferential seating or quiet testing environments
- Behavioral goals and positive reinforcement plans
- Support for social skills or anxiety management

If something isn’t working, the plan can be adjusted. The IEP is a living document; it should evolve as your child grows.

How You Can Prepare as a Parent  
Here are a few suggestions from our work with families:
- Keep a record of emails, report cards, and observations about your child’s behavior or progress
- Write down your questions and concerns before the meeting
- Ask for clarification if the team uses terms or acronyms you don’t understand
- Bring an advocate, for support - we can help!
- Don’t hesitate to speak up. You are your child’s most important advocate

Middle and high school come with growing pains for every student, but for your child with a disability, those challenges can feel bigger. The IEP exists to help your student succeed and to support you in the process.

When schools and families work together, amazing things can happen.

If you’re new to the IEP process or feeling unsure, reach out. You don’t have to navigate this alone. I’m here to help you understand the system, find your voice, and keep the focus on your child’s growth, strengths, and future.

Do you have questions or need support preparing for your next IEP meeting? We’d love to help.

Question 2

What is a Section 504 Plan, and does my child qualify?

Accepted Answer

A Section 504 Plan is a formal blueprint designed to provide accommodations and support for students with disabilities, ensuring they have equal access to their education. Unlike an IEP (Individualized Education Program), a 504 plan focuses on removing barriers to learning in the general education classroom rather than providing specialized instruction.Does my child qualify? To qualify for a 504 plan, your child must meet two criteria:They must have a physical or mental impairment (such as ADHD, anxiety, dyslexia, diabetes, or a food allergy).That impairment must substantially limit one or more major life activities, which includes learning, reading, thinking, concentrating, or communicating at school.
Navigating the eligibility process can feel overwhelming, but you don't have to do it alone. We can sit down together in person to review your child's medical or school records, map out a clear strategy, and prepare for your school meeting so you can secure the accommodations your child needs to thrive.

Question 3

Navigating ACT, SAT, and AP Accommodations

Accepted Answer

What is the difference between College Board and ACT accommodations, and how do we apply?While both organizations offer similar accommodations (such as extended time, extra breaks, and alternate test formats), they operate under completely separate systems: College Board (SAT/AP) uses the SSD system, while ACT uses the TAA portal. Approval by one board does not guarantee approval by the other.  To apply, you must work directly through your child's high school counselor or testing coordinator. Parents must sign a consent release form and provide the school with comprehensive documentation, such as an active IEP, 504 Plan, or recent professional evaluations.  When should we apply, and what happens if we are denied?Because the review process takes time—up to 7 weeks for College Board and 2 to 4 weeks for ACT—families are highly encouraged to begin the application process during Freshman or early Sophomore year. Deadlines generally fall 7 weeks before the exam for the SAT/AP, and 3 to 4 weeks before the exam for the ACT.  If your request is denied, review the decision letter with your school coordinator to identify what was missing. You can submit an appeal or reconsideration request by providing additional evidence, such as teacher notes, IEP progress updates, or more comprehensive evaluations showing that the student regularly uses these exact accommodations in the classroom.

Question 4

High School Athletes: Accommodations & College Eligibility

Accepted Answer

How do high school athletes with accommodations maintain NCAA academic eligibility?By meeting standard requirements through approved accommodations under the NCAA’s Education-Impacting Disabilities (EID) program.The NCAA does not lower its baseline academic standards—such as completing the 16 core-course requirement and achieving a minimum core GPA (2.3 for Division I, 2.2 for Division II)—for athletes with a 504 Plan or IEP. However, student-athletes with an officially approved EID status can access specific flexibility to help them maintain eligibility:  NCAA-Approved EID Courses: Students can use high school courses designed exclusively for students with disabilities to fulfill core-course requirements, provided the high school has explicitly had those specific titles pre-approved on its official NCAA Core Course list.  Post-Graduation Core Courses (Division I): If a student-athlete with an EID graduates "on time" with their high school class (within 8 consecutive semesters), they are permitted to take up to three additional NCAA-approved core courses after graduation but before full-time college enrollment to boost their GPA or fulfill missing credits.  Extended Core-Course Timeline (Division II): Students intending to play at a Division II school may use any approved core courses taken prior to full-time college enrollment, without the standard cap on post-graduation credits.  
To access these eligibility protections, parents must proactively submit the student's formal EID application, professional diagnoses (completed or updated within 3 years), and current IEP/504 documentation directly to the NCAA Eligibility Center.

Question 5

What are the advantages of hiring an educational advocate?

Accepted Answer

Hiring an educational advocate can be a game changer for families navigating the complexities of the education system. When you bring an advocate on board, you're not just enlisting someone with expert knowledge; you're also gaining a partner who helps you communicate effectively in what can often feel like a maze of policies and procedures.

Expert Knowledge and Experience 
Educational advocates have a strong grasp of special education laws, such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and they are familiar with the intricacies of processes like the IEP process, eligibility criteria, and your child's rights. This knowledge can be incredibly reassuring, especially when it feels like there's so much to understand.

Objective and Unbiased Perspective  
Because advocates don’t have the same emotional ties as parents, they can provide a fresh, objective perspective on your child's needs. This viewpoint is invaluable for ensuring that the services your child receives are truly in their best interest, which can lead to more effective solutions and negotiations.

Effective Communication and Negotiation Skills   
Advocates are trained to communicate and negotiate effectively. They can express your concerns in a way that resonates with school teams, helping to bridge gaps in understanding and work towards agreements that benefit your child.

Navigating the IEP Process  
The IEP process can be daunting, but having an advocate guide you through it step by step can make it easier. From evaluations to developing and revising the IEP, they help make sure that the plan is not only legally robust but also tailored to meet your child's specific needs with clear, measurable goals.

Understanding Evaluations and Assessments   
When it comes to educational evaluations, advocates can help you interpret the findings, ensuring that they accurately represent your child's strengths and weaknesses. This understanding is crucial for making informed decisions about your child's education.

Saving You Time and Emotional Energy  
The world of special education can be time-consuming and emotionally taxing. An advocate takes a lot of this weight off your shoulders, letting you focus more on supporting your child in other meaningful ways.

Leveling the Playing Field   
Having an advocate can really help to level the playing field. They empower you with the knowledge and support needed to advocate effectively, giving you a greater sense of control in what often feels like an overwhelming system.

Focusing on Your Child's Best Interests   
Ultimately, a good educational advocate is there to ensure your child receives the free and appropriate public education (FAPE) they deserve in the least restrictive environment (LRE). Having someone dedicated to this cause can provide much-needed reassurance and confidence in the advocacy process.

Question 6

How many people have an educationally related disability? Is it common?

Accepted Answer

It's quite prevalent for individuals to experience disabilities related to education. During the 2022-2023 school year in the U.S., around 7.5 million students, which is about 15% of all public school attendees, were documented as receiving special education or related services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This figure has been on the rise over the past decade.  The fact that 15% of public school students benefit from special education services indicates that a significant number of students are recognized as having educational disabilities.

The term "educationally related disability" encompasses a range of conditions that can impact learning processes. The IDEA identifies 14 distinct disability categories, including:  
- Specific Learning Disability (the most prevalent category) 
- Speech or Language Impairment 
- Other Health Impairment (which includes ADHD) 
- Autism 
- Emotional Disability 
- And others, such as vision and hearing impairments

There's been a noticeable trend in the growing number of students diagnosed with disabilities and receiving special education services over recent decades.  With millions of students receiving special education services and a considerable portion of the general population believed to have learning and attention challenges, it is evident that educationally related disabilities are widespread. This highlights the essential role of educators, administrators, policymakers, and parents in comprehending these conditions and offering the necessary support and accommodations in educational environments.

Question 7

Who is qualified to be a special education advocate?

Accepted Answer

Currently, there are no federal guidelines, licenses, or certifications to become a special education advocate, which means it’s important to make sure you choose someone with credibility, experience, and knowledge. 
 
It's important to choose an advocate that aligns with your goals as a parent. While certain educational advocates utilize a philosophy of aggression, we choose to collaborate with teachers, schools, and districts.

When selecting an advocate, it's wise for parents to inquire about their background, training, experience, and references to ensure they have the expertise and skills to meet their child's specific needs.

Question 8

What is the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) and how can LRE impact my child?

Accepted Answer

All children deserve to learn with their peers.  Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) means your child with a disability should learn alongside their non-disabled classmates as much as possible while still getting an education that meets their needs.
Think "regular classroom first": The goal is to keep your child in the general education setting with supports and services if needed.
Supports are key: Schools must try things like extra help or technology to make the regular classroom work for your child.
It's about your child's needs: What's least restrictive for one child might not be for another. The IEP team, including you, decides what's best.
How LRE can help your child:
Better learning: They often make more progress academically.
Social skills: They learn how to interact with a variety of peers.
Confidence boost: Being included helps them feel like they belong.
Your role:
Be part of IEP meetings: Share what you know about your child.
Ask questions: Understand why certain placements are suggested.
Advocate for inclusion: Encourage the regular classroom with support whenever possible.

LRE is about finding the right balance so your child learns and grows in the most inclusive setting that meets their unique needs.

Question 9

What is Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) and how does it impact me?

Accepted Answer

FAPE, or Free and Appropriate Public Education, is your child's right to a free and tailored education designed to meet their unique needs as a student with a disability.
Free means you don't pay for special education and related services.
Appropriate means the education is specifically designed for your child and aims to provide them with meaningful educational benefit. This is achieved through an Individualized Education Program (IEP), which is created collaboratively with you and the school.
Essentially, FAPE guarantees your child a public education that is customized to their needs, at no cost to you. Your involvement in the IEP process is key to ensuring it's the right fit for your child.

Question 10

Why hire an educational advocate instead of a lawyer?

Accepted Answer

Educational advocates  have expertise in special education guidelines and law, but are much less expensive. If an attorney is needed, a qualified advocate can let you know when that next step may be needed.

While both educational advocates and lawyers work to ensure children with disabilities receive appropriate education, they have distinct roles and are hired for different reasons:
Educational Advocate

Focus
Primarily on the educational needs of the child and navigating the special education system.

Expertise 
Deep understanding of special education laws (like IDEA), regulations, IEP processes, evaluations, and best educational practices. They often have backgrounds in education, special education, or advocacy.

Role
Helps parents understand their rights and the special education process.  
Reviews educational records and evaluations.  
Assists in preparing for and attending IEP meetings.  
Advocates for appropriate services, accommodations, and placement for the child.
Helps parents communicate effectively with the school.

Cost
Generally less expensive than hiring a lawyer.

When to Hire
When you need help understanding the special education system and your rights.
When you need support preparing for and participating in IEP meetings.
When you disagree with the school's recommendations and need help advocating for your child's needs.
For guidance on evaluations and understanding test results.
When you want to explore options and strategies for your child's education.
Often the first step when facing challenges with the school.

Question 11

What message does an advocate signal to school districts?

Accepted Answer

Hiring an advocate lets school districts know that you have your child’s best interest in mind. It does not need to signal an adversarial relationship - rather advocates can be excellent liaisons between families and school districts with student success as the shared goal.

Question 12

What is a typical plan of support for a family?

Accepted Answer

Special Education advocacy is a blend of family consulting, document review, and meeting attendance. You may need one or all of those things, depending on your situation. It’s best to attend school meetings prepared and with aligned goals. Talking through the student’s current performance, identified goals for academic outcomes, and extracurricular activities prior to a meeting with the school will help your advocate understand the student best.

Question 13

What is the whole-child approach?

Accepted Answer

The whole-child approach in education emphasizes supporting the comprehensive development of each student. It goes beyond just academic learning and considers their social, emotional, mental, physical, and cognitive well-being.

Instead of focusing solely on test scores and curriculum, we recognize that a child's ability to learn is deeply connected to their overall health, safety, engagement, support, and the challenges they face.

Simply put, a child is not defined by their disability.

How the whole-child approach can impact your child:

Improved Well-being
By addressing their social and emotional needs, children may experience less stress and anxiety, leading to a more positive school experience.

Stronger Social Skills
Opportunities to engage with peers and learn social-emotional skills like empathy and conflict resolution are often integrated.

Increased Engagement in Learning
When their broader needs are met, children are often more focused and motivated to learn.

Better Academic Outcomes
Research suggests that supporting the whole child can actually lead to improved academic performance in the long run.

Development of Life Skills
The approach often emphasizes skills like problem-solving, critical thinking, and self-awareness, which are crucial for success beyond academics.

A Sense of Belonging
When schools focus on the whole child, they often create a more inclusive and supportive environment where all students feel valued.

If a student is engaged in their own learning, we all win.

Frequently Asked Questions